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Dramatic irony happens when the reader has more information on what is taking place or what may develop in the story before the character or the characters. The reader may know that the character is depending on untrustworthy people, even his enemies, or that he is taking step towards a wrong solution, but the main character or the other characters inside the story may not be privy to those the facts.

Most writers consider dramatic irony as the most powerful means to keep readers interest on the story by creating a contrast between the characters present situation and the action that will unfold.

As a literary tool, dramatic irony not only puts the reader in a superior position, but also, it encourages his curiosity, his hopes, and his fears concerning when and if the character will find out the truth inside the events or situations in the story. Sometimes, the dramatic irony of the truth may be hidden in the backstories of the characters; at other times, it may surface from a misunderstanding between the characters. Then, it may lurk inside a deception that the reader knows of but the main character doesnt.

A less effective dramatic irony also happens when the character knows something the reader does not. Even if this scheme creates curiosity as to why a certain character is behaving in an odd way, if pushed too far and not handled with skill, it may tire the reader easily.

During the times of antiquity, dramatic irony appeared in Greek and Roman literature in stage plays when the chorus or a narrator talked to the audience and informed the people about the facts that the characters in the play did not know of. Maybe because of this, dramatic irony is also called tragic irony, although dramatic irony is not necessarily tragic.

In modern times, this style of informing the reader is accomplished on stage by a character talking aside or by a narrator as in Thornton Wilder's Our Town or by the master of ceremonies as in the movie Cabaret.

The most used example of dramatic irony is from early Greece in Sophocless play Oedipus Rex. Oedipus does not know that he is the one who killed his own father unknowingly and committed incest with his own mother. When Oedipus tells his brother-in-law--Creon--that a man is a fool if he thinks that he can sin against his family and escape the wrath of the gods, the audience understands the range and the effect of Oedipus words better than Oedipus himself.

Dramatic irony plays a significant part in the success of many of Shakespeares plays. For example: in Merchant of Venice, the audience knows that Lancelot is deceiving his father; in Tempest, Miranda does not know that Gonzalo is on the island, but Prospero and the audience do; in Macbeth, Duncan is unaware of Macbeths plans but the audience knows; in Othello, the audience is on to Iagos deception, but Othello is not; and in A Midsummer Nights Dream and The Two Gentlemen of Verona misunderstandings among the characters are obvious to the audience, but not to the characters.

George Orwell uses dramatic irony in Animal Farm through the difference of what the animals are aware of and what the readers recognize. The reader knows that the pigs have used the money from the sale of Boxer to the horse slaughterer to buy whiskey.

In Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, readers already know that Elizabeth doesnt care for Darcy. Then Darcy, too, finds out that fact when Elizabeth rejects his proposal. When Emma--in Emma by Jane Austen, again--plays with the lives of people around her, the readers are privy to her intentions but the characters in the novel are not.

In most historical stories, because the readers know the historical facts, they may be ahead of the characters living inside the stories. One such heart-rending journal belongs to Anne Frank.

With his first-rate thrillers, Dean Koontz, also, creates great suspense and holds his readers spellbound by staging and overlapping sensational events that the readers understand beforehand but the characters do not.

In the TV series, Smallville featuring Superman episodes, the teenager Clark Kent is unaware of his background and what Lex Luthor will mean to him in the future while the viewers are already familiar with these facts.

The active involvement and expectations of the readers and audiences always heighten the intensity and propel a forward motion in any story. Thus, the tool of dramatic irony should not be neglected by a writer who wants to keep his readers on their toes.

Joy Cagil is an author on http://www.Writing.Com/ Her webpage is at: http://www.writing.com/main/handler/item_id/1084695Blackberry 9000 In The Wild

A combination lock is the type of lock where sequences of numbers or symbols are used to open a lock rather than a key. Often the sequence of number or symbols used is a permutation rather than a real combination and these may be entered either by entering them using a single rotation dial (which interacts with several discs or cams) or by a set of several rotating discs with inscribed numerals or symbols (which directly interact with the locking mechanism itself).

Firstly we will look at multiple dial locks and which is one of the simplest type of combination locks. These are often used for low security situations such as a bicycle lock which has several rotating discs with notches cut into them. The lock is secured by a pin that has several teeth on it which then hook into the discs that rotate around it. Thus when the discs and notches are aligned with the teeth of the pin the lock can open. Unfortunately the disadvantage of this type of lock is that it is considered to be one of the least secure types of combination locks available today.

The opening of such a lock can be done without the combination it all depends on the slight irregularities which will occur during the machining of the locks parts. So unless the lock has been precisely machines (the pin pulled outward) then you are likely to find that one of the teeth will pull more strongly than others on its corresponding disc. Once this disc is rotated and a slight click can be heard this tells the person that the tooth has become placed in its correct notch and thus this procedure can be repeated with the other remaining discs which will result in the lock being opened (a correct combination on such a lock can be found in a very short period of time).

Next we come on to the single-dial locks, these are normally found on padlocks or safes and will often just use a single dial which then interacts with several parallel discs or cams. Such locks are normally opened by the rotation of the dial clockwise to the first numeral and then counter clockwise to the second and so on until in this alternating fashion until the last numeral has been reached. Typically the cams inside the lock have an indentation or notch on them and it is only when the correct combination has been entered and the notches or indentations have become aligned that the latch will be able to fit into them and the lock can be opened.

Certainly these type of combination locks are generally more secure that the multiple dial locks and yet they do have some weaknesses as well. Certainly early combination padlocks which were made by Master Lock could be opened by pulling on the shackle and turning the dial until it stopped and thus each numeral involved in the locks combination could be revealed.

However, the more recent models of the Master padlock now come with 40-position dial and this has a weakness where it gives away the last numeral in the locks combination and the first two numerals of the lock have a mathematical relationship to this one. Because of this weakness it reduces the possible number of combinations a person can try to open it from 64,000 to a mere 100 instead, which results in the lock being opened in a very short time.

Unfortunately an inexpensive padlock is not the solution either as these are often susceptible to them being shimmed, which is often used to release the shackle without the actual combination being entered.

There are many other designs available and many doors lock now use a combination lock system which requires the user to enter a numeric sequence on to a keypad for them to gain entry. However, such locks usually require the use of electronic circuitry to be effective. But the one main advantage of such a system as this is that if it is used for the door of a large office then each member of staff can be provided with the number that they will need to gain access and thus eliminate the use of supplying them with keys which could be either lost or stolen.

The only real disadvantage of this type of lock is that if the code number for entry is discovered by someone who is not employed by the company, or the number is not changed regularly, then access to the property can be gained by an intruder (such as a burglar).

Allison Thompson a work from home mum living in Spain with over 15 years experience in the property management field. She has set up a number of site relating to property matters as well as being the partner in a small real estate company. The sites she has set up deal with all aspects of property and how to make the most of what you have both inside and outdoors. The latest site she has added relates to Landscape Gardening and if you would like to know more please visit http://www.locksmith.oneohtwo.info.Htc Teams With Designer To Craft Wild Touches For Charity